Taking Charge: What Is Ovarian Cancer?
卵巢癌是一种始于卵巢的恶性肿瘤. 卵巢产生卵子,也是女性荷尔蒙的主要来源, estrogen and progesterone. Most ovarian cancers, however, 由卵巢表面的组织发育而来, called the epithelium, not in the cells that make hormones and eggs.
Types of ovarian tumors
许多类型的肿瘤可以在卵巢中开始生长. 其中一些是良性的(非癌性的),可以通过手术切除来治愈. 其他类型的卵巢肿瘤是恶性的,可能会扩散到全身. 这些癌性肿瘤需要更复杂的治疗.
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC)
The most common ovarian cancer, epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC), 产生于覆盖卵巢的上皮细胞. It accounts for 90 percent of ovarian cancers. 镜下EOC可分为浆液型、黏液型、子宫内膜样细胞型和透明细胞型. 有些eoc不能归入这四类之一. 它们被称为未分化的eoc,它们往往生长和传播得更快.
除了按细胞类型分类外,eoc还有一个等级和一个阶段. 等级——在1、2或3的范围内——是由细胞在显微镜下的样子决定的. Grade 1 EOC, which more closely resembles normal tissue, tends to have a better prognosis, or outlook. 三级EOC与正常组织不太相似,通常预后较差.
肿瘤分期描述肿瘤从卵巢开始扩散的程度.
EOC还有一个特殊的类别,称为边缘性EOC,或0级EOC. 这种类型的EOC用手术治疗,对化疗或放疗没有反应.
Germ cell tumors
这些肿瘤起源于产生卵子的细胞。. 生殖细胞异常瘤是最常见的卵巢生殖细胞癌, 但它只占所有卵巢癌的2%. 它通常影响十几岁和二十几岁的女性.
When they are limited to the ovary, 超过95%的异常生殖细胞瘤是通过手术切除卵巢治愈的. 如果肿瘤已经扩散,手术和化疗可以治愈90%的患者.
一种叫做未成熟畸胎瘤的恶性肿瘤可能发生在女孩和年轻女性身上, usually younger than 18. 如果生长局限于卵巢,通常可以通过手术切除来治愈. 如果已经扩散,建议在手术的同时进行化疗.
Two other very rare types of germ cell tumors, 内胚层窦瘤(卵黄囊瘤)和绒毛膜癌, also affect girls and young women. 它们往往生长和扩散迅速,但通常对化疗反应很好.
Stromal tumors
These uncommon tumors, which are sometimes cancerous, 从连接卵巢并产生雌性激素的结缔组织细胞开始. 间质瘤通常产生雌性激素,有时也产生雄性激素. 它们会导致绝经后阴道再次出血, 或者会引起年轻女孩的月经期和乳房发育. If male hormones are produced, 肿瘤会扰乱正常月经,导致面部和体毛生长.
癌性间质瘤包括颗粒细胞瘤, granulosa-theca tumors, and Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. These tumors tend to be low-grade cancers.
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Return to the Taking Charge Index
- What Is Breast Cancer?
- Breast Cancer Risk Factors
- If You Are at High Risk for Breast Cancer
- Screening for Breast Cancer
- How Is Breast Cancer Diagnosed?
- How Is Breast Cancer Treated?
- What Is Ovarian Cancer?
- Who Gets Ovarian Cancer?
- If You Are at High Risk for Ovarian Cancer
- Screening for Ovarian Cancer
- How Is Ovarian Cancer Diagnosed?
- How is Ovarian Cancer Treated?
- Living with Ovarian Cancer
- Diet, Lifestyle and Cancer
- Glossary of Terms
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