尿 束 感染
Overview
尿 tract infections (UTIs) are a common medical complaint. It is estimated that up to 40 percent of women will have a UTI at some time in their lives. 也叫膀胱感染或膀胱炎, a UTI occurs when bacteria enter the bladder, 通常通过尿道(尿管), 然后开始繁殖.
尿液中含有液体, salts and waste products but is sterile or free of bacteria, viruses and other disease-causing organisms. A UTI occurs when bacteria from another source, such as the nearby anus, gets into the urethra. The most common bacteria found to cause UTIs is Escherichia coli (E. 杆菌). 其他细菌也能引起尿路感染. coli is the culprit about 90 percent of the time.
E. coli normally lives harmlessly in the human intestinal tract, but it can cause serious infections if it gets into the urinary tract. In women, the trip from the anus to the urethra is a short one. This is the reason why "wiping front to back" after using the toilet is helpful in preventing UTI.
An untreated UTI can move up to the kidneys and cause an even more serious infection, so prompt diagnosis and treatment is important. Sexually active women, pregnant women and older women all may be at increased risk for UTI.
我们的方法尿路感染
UCSF提供个性化服务, sensitive care for common women's health problems, 包括尿路感染. Our mission is to provide every woman who comes to us with the highest quality care and the information she needs to make informed decisions about her health.
迹象 & 症状
尿路感染的症状包括:
- 排尿时疼痛或灼烧
- 下腹部疼痛或压力
- 尿频需要经常小便
- The urine may look cloudy or darker in color or it may appear bloody
发烧, 腰痛, nausea or vomiting accompanying any of these 症状 could signal that the infection has reached the kidneys, and you should seek immediate medical attention.
However, some women, especially older women, may have very subtle or no 症状. If you experience a sudden increase in the need to urinate often, 或者开始不由自主地小便, UTI could be the cause — especially if this is a new problem.
诊断
If you have UTI 症状, notify your health care provider. You may be advised to come into the office for a urine test, especially if this is the first time you've had these 症状, or if you've had a number of infections in the past year. A urine sample given at the office can be tested rapidly for the presence of pus (white blood cells), bacterial residue (nitrites) and traces of blood. If the test is positive, your health care provider will discuss the appropriate treatment.
The urine also may be sent for culture and sensitivities. A culture can identify the kind of bacteria growing in the bladder and urine and can help determine which antibiotics are most effective. Because this test can take one or two days, you will begin treatment right away with an antibiotic commonly used to treat UTI.
治疗
For an uncomplicated UTI, a three- to seven-day course of antibiotics will provide rapid relief. You may also receive a prescription for pyridium, a medication that eases bladder pain while the antibiotic is taking effect. For recurrent or more serious infections, treatment may be extended to 10 to 14 days.
病人 with four or more infections a year may need to take small doses of antibiotics daily or with intercourse for several months to allow the bladder to heal. Vaginal estrogen cream also may prevent recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
