Multiple Sclerosis
Overview
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that affects the central nervous system, including the brain, 脊髓和视神经. Experts believe MS is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune system attacking and damaging the nervous system. 它通常是逐渐发展的, 交替缓解期, 良好的健康和致残的突发事件.
大约40万美国人患有多发性硬化症，其中大多数是年轻人. 女性的发病率几乎是男性的两倍.
虽然没有治疗方法, most MS patients lead active lives for many years after their diagnosis and have a normal life span. But MS can be tiring and require schedule and lifestyle adjustments. 有规律的锻炼计划，包括散步, swimming, 伸展或骑固定自行车可以减轻一些症状. Our physical therapists and staff can help you learn to cope with your condition by improving your walking ability, balance, 运动范围和耐力.
多发性硬化的成因
多发性硬化症损害神经细胞的外层, called myelin, a fatty tissue that protects nerve cells in the same way that insulation protects electrical wiring in a house. Myelin helps nerve fibers conduct electrical impulses to and from the brain. Scar tissue, called sclerosis, accumulates when multiple areas of myelin are damaged. 这些受损区域被称为斑块或病变. 有时，神经纤维本身受损并死亡.
多发性硬化症的确切病因尚不清楚, 但疾病等因素, poisons and drug or alcohol abuse can damage the myelin sheath in children and adults. 遗传可能导致多发性硬化症的发生. About 5 percent of patients have a sister or brother who has the disease and about 15 percent have a close relative with MS.
当多发性硬化症损害神经细胞的保护性髓鞘时, the sheath sometimes repairs itself and nerves work correctly again. In other cases, the myelin is so damaged that the underlying nerve can't be repaired and dies.
我们治疗多发性硬化症的方法
Our mission is to help people with multiple sclerosis (MS) enjoy long and active lives. 我们制定量身定制的治疗方案来缓解症状, 减少多发性硬化症的严重程度和持续时间, 阻止或减缓疾病的发展. Our patients may also have opportunities to participate in research studies that are developing and testing new MS treatments. 作为我们综合护理的一部分, we offer physical and occupational therapy to assist patients with their daily routines.
Awards & recognition
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是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
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加州最好，排名第一. 神经病学全国排名第二 & neurosurgery
Signs & symptoms
The symptoms of multiple sclerosis depend on which particular pathway of nerve fiber is damaged. Tingling, numbness, sensations of tightness or weakness may result when myelin in the spinal cord is damaged. If nerve fibers to the bladder are affected, urinary incontinence may occur. Likewise, damage to the cerebellum portion of the brain may result in imbalance or a lack of coordination. 多发性硬化症患者可能有多种症状, depending on where the damage occurs in the central nervous system.
Because MS can cause a wide variety of symptoms in different people, 十大赌博平台排行榜常常很难诊断出这种疾病. However, common symptoms of MS include changes in sensation or sensory symptoms such as tingling and numbness, and changes in muscle function or motor symptoms such as difficulty walking, stiffness or tremors.
一些常见的症状有:
- 笨拙或软弱
- 行走或保持平衡困难
- Dizziness or vertigo
- 眼睛问题，如重影或眼球运动失控
- Fatigue
- Muscle spasms
- 膀胱或肠道控制问题
- Stiffness
- Tremors
- Tingling or numbness
- 抑郁或情绪变化
- 轻微的智力变化，如记忆问题
- 性问题，如难以达到性高潮, 缺乏阴道感觉或勃起功能障碍
Symptoms usually appear in people between 20 and 40 years of age.
Diagnosis
当考虑多发性硬化症的诊断, your doctor will be particularly interested in hearing about your symptoms, 它们是什么时候开始的，随着时间的推移是如何缓解或发展的.
Your diagnosis also will be based on a physical examination and tests. 这些测试可能包括:
- 血液和尿液检查有助于排除其他可能的疾病
- 心电图(ECG或EKG) 测量心脏的电活动
- 磁共振成像(MRI) 检查大脑是否有异常
- Lumbar puncture or spinal tap to determine if there are abnormalities in the cerebrospinal fluid, 这是多发性硬化症的征兆之一
- Evoked potentials test, which records electrical activity in the brain when nerves are stimulated
Medical conditions that can mimic MS include metabolic or vitamin deficiencies, unusual infections, 脑炎大脑血管的炎症, degenerative disorders of the nervous system or cancers that have spread to the brain. 这就是验血的原因, X-rays, brain and spine MRIs, and spinal taps to analyze cerebrospinal fluid may be required before a diagnosis of MS can be made with certainty.
A diagnosis of MS is based upon an evaluation of your symptoms along with the results of your physical exam and tests.
Treatments
你在加州大学旧金山分校医疗中心的神经学团队, 还有你的初级保健十大赌博平台排行榜, 会根据你的身体状况设计一个治疗方案吗, 健康状况和个人需要. 你可能需要不止一种治疗方法, or a treatment requiring several visits to the Multiple Sclerosis Center. Also, you may be referred to other doctors or health professionals.
Doctors and researchers have identified four categories of treatment for patients with MS:
- 减少发作严重程度和持续时间的治疗
- Treatment to cure or eliminate the biological activity of MS in the body
- Treatment to relieve various symptoms such as incontinence, visual disturbances or fatigue
- 修复由多发性硬化症引起的损伤的治疗
治疗可能涉及一些风险或并发症, 你的神经科十大赌博平台排行榜会给你详细解释的.
治疗可能包括多种药物中的一种，例如:
- Beta interferon A family of drugs that help fight viral infection and regulate your immune system
- Glatiramer acetate A drug that doctors believe works by blocking your immune system's attack on myelin
- 免疫抑制药物 抑制或控制免疫系统的药物
Other medications may be prescribed to treat or control symptoms such as depression, fatigue, pain, 痉挛和颤抖. Treatment programs and services may include exercise and physical therapy, occupational therapy to help maintain your independence in daily living, and stress reduction.
Many new treatments, 比如使用他汀类药物或降胆固醇药物, 正在开发和测试. Patients who are evaluated at the Multiple Sclerosis Center have the opportunity to participate in these studies of new treatments.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
