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Barrett's Esophagus

Overview

巴雷特食道是一种慢性疾病,食道的内壁——连接喉咙和胃的“食物管”——被胃里的胆汁或酸破坏. 这种损伤的特征是食道底部细胞的变化. The esophageal cells gradually elongate and thicken, and eventually come to resemble intestinal cells.

正常情况下,身体有一种机制来防止胃酸到达食道. A circular band of muscle at the lower end of the esophagus, called the lower esophageal sphincter, seals shut and prevents stomach contents from rising up. 但某些情况下,如慢性胃食管反流病(GERD)或 obesity, weaken the sphincter. 当这种情况发生时,胃酸会汩汩涌出,烧坏食道的下端.

Occasional heartburn 是无害的,但是慢性胃反流会导致巴雷特食管. 专家估计,10%到15%的胃反流患者会患上巴雷特食管.

巴雷特食道病很严重,因为它会增加人们患一种叫做 esophageal adenocarcinoma. In most cases, precancerous cells, called dysplasia, appear first and offer a chance for early intervention.

Our approach to Barrett's esophagus

加州大学旧金山分校的胃肠病学家擅长预防、诊断和治疗巴雷特食道. We use an endoscope – a thin, 装有摄像机的柔性管-用于确定食道内壁是否有癌前细胞生长. If not, or if the cells are in their early stages, 我们对病人进行监测,并开具药物,通过限制胃酸的产生来保护食道. For more advanced cases, we usually can use state-of-the-art, 微创技术去除或破坏癌前细胞. 最后一种选择是手术切除食道的受损部分.

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  • One of the nation's best in gastroenterology & GI surgery

Signs & symptoms

Barrett's esophagus itself has no symptoms but its precursor, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), does. Signs of GERD include regular heartburn, 通常被描述为胸部疼痛的烧灼感, behind the breastbone, or in the middle of the abdomen.

然而,并非所有患有巴雷特食管的人都有慢性胃灼热. 多达一半的巴雷特食管患者根本没有任何症状. Because the condition can go undetected, 了解巴雷特食管的其他危险因素是有好处的, which include:

  • Obesity
  • Smoking
  • 性别(男性患巴雷特食管的可能性是女性的两倍)
  • 年龄(巴雷特食管常见于50岁及以上的人群)
  • A close family member with the condition

Diagnosis

Barrett's esophagus is diagnosed with an upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy and biopsies.

To perform an upper GI endoscopy, a doctor threads a thin, flexible tube through the mouth, 沿着食道进入胃,同时病人被轻微镇静. 内窥镜的一端有一个手电筒和摄像头,十大赌博平台排行榜可以通过它来检查食管内壁的细胞变化,这些变化可能预示着发育不良. 十大赌博平台排行榜也可以用内窥镜取小的组织样本,称为活组织检查. 这些样本帮助十大赌博平台排行榜诊断巴雷特食管的存在和分级.

New technologies also allow doctors to do optical biopsies, which don't involve removing any tissue at all.

The results may be labeled one of the following:

  • 没有发育不良,也就是说病人有巴雷特食管但没有癌前细胞改变
  • 低度发育不良,即细胞表现出癌前病变的早期迹象
  • 高度发育不良,意味着细胞正在向食管癌转移

Treatments

巴雷特食管的治疗取决于病情的严重程度, the grade of dysplasia and the patient's overall health.

治疗的第一线通常是监测和药物治疗. 如果活组织检查没有显示或甚至是低级别的不典型增生,我们可以简单地监测患者的变化. 这可能意味着在六个月到一年内进行一次内窥镜检查,对一些患者来说,每天都要服药.

对于巴特利特食管,最常见的药物治疗类型是质子泵抑制剂,或PPIs. 这些药物是通过抑制胃酸的产生来治疗胃反流的. Less stomach acid means less damage to the esophagus. PPIs are best taken short term. Examples of common PPIs include:

  • Omeprazole (Prilosec, Zegerid)
  • Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
  • Pantoprazole (Protonix)
  • Rabeprazole (AcipHex)
  • Esomeprazole (Nexium)
  • Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)

如果胃反流症状对药物没有反应,或者患者有高度发育不良, 十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议采用内窥镜手术切除或破坏异常细胞或发育不良. 方法取决于病人和巴雷特食管的进展程度. Three common procedures are:

  • 食管粘膜切除术:十大赌博平台排行榜抬起受损组织, injects a solution underneath to act as a cushion, and removes the affected tissue using a snare or suction cup.
  • 内镜下粘膜剥离:十大赌博平台排行榜在目标区域下注射溶液, then dissects the area with a high-tech knife. 这种技术允许切除更大的和潜在更深的病变.
  • 射频消融:这种方法使用无线电波加热并杀死癌前和/或癌细胞.

治疗巴雷特食管的最后一步是手术切除食管的受损部分, a procedure called esophagectomy. 之后,外科十大赌博平台排行榜从胃或大肠的一部分重建食道.

加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. 它仅用于教育目的,并不打算取代您的十大赌博平台排行榜或其他医疗保健提供者的建议. 我们鼓励您与您的供应商讨论您可能遇到的任何问题或疑虑.

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