温度测量

定义

The measurement of body temperature can help detect illness. It can also monitor whether or not treatment is working. 高温是一种 发热.

如何执行测试

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends not to use glass thermometers with mercury. The glass can break, and mercury is a poison.

Electronic thermometers are most often suggested. An easy-to-read panel shows the temperature. The probe can be placed in the mouth, rectum, or armpit.

• Mouth: Place the probe under the tongue and close the mouth. 用鼻子呼吸. Use the lips to hold the thermometer tightly in place. Leave the thermometer in the mouth for 3 minutes or until the device beeps.
• Rectum: This method is for infants and small children. They cannot hold a thermometer safely in their mouth. Place petroleum jelly on the bulb of a rectal thermometer. Place the child face down on a flat surface or lap. Spread the buttocks and insert the bulb end about 1/2 to 1 inch (1 to 2.5厘米)进入肛管. 注意不要插得太远. Struggling can push the thermometer in further. Remove after 3 minutes or when the device beeps.
• Armpit: Place the thermometer in the armpit. 把胳膊压在身体上. 阅读前等待5分钟.

Plastic strip thermometers change color to show the temperature. 这种方法最不准确.

• 把带子放在额头上. Read it after 1 minute while the strip is in place.
• Plastic strip thermometers for the mouth are also available.

电子耳温计很常见. 它们很容易使用. However, some users report that the results are less accurate than with probe thermometers.

Electronic forehead thermometers are more accurate than ear thermometers and their accuracy is similar to probe thermometers.

如何准备考试

Always clean the thermometer before and after using. You can use cool, soapy water or rubbing alcohol.

Wait at least 1 hour after heavy exercise or a hot bath before measuring body temperature. Wait for 20 to 30 minutes after smoking, eating, or drinking a hot or cold liquid.

正常的结果

The average normal body temperature is 98.6°F (37°C). The normal temperature can vary due to things such as:

• Age (in children over 6 months, daily temperature can vary by 1 to 2 degrees)
• 个体差异
• Time of day (often highest in the evening)
• Which type of measurement was taken (oral, rectal, forehead, or armpit)

You need to have an accurate temperature measurement to determine if a 发热 is present. Be sure to tell your health care provider which type of temperature measurement you used when discussing a 发热.

The exact relationship between different types of temperature measurement is unclear. However, the following general guidelines for temperature results are used:

The average normal oral temperature is 98.6°F (37°C).

• 直肠温度为0.5°F (0.3°C)至1°F (0.6°C)，高于口腔温度.
• 耳朵温度是0.5°F (0.3°C)至1°F (0.6°C)，高于口腔温度.
• 腋窝温度通常为0.5°F (0.3°C)至1°F (0.6°C)低于口腔温度.
• 前额扫描仪通常是0.5°F (0.3°C)至1°F (0.6°C)低于口腔温度.

其他需要考虑的因素有:

• 在一般情况下, rectal temperatures are considered to be more accurate when checking for 发热 in a young child.
• Plastic strip thermometers measure skin temperature, not body temperature. They are not recommended for general home use.

异常结果意味着什么

If the reading on the thermometer is more than 1 to 1.5 degrees above your normal temperature, you have a 发热. 发烧可能是以下疾病的征兆:

• 血凝块
• 癌症
• Certain types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus
• Diseases in the intestines, such as Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis
• Infection (both serious and non-serious)
• 许多其他的医疗问题

体温也可以通过以下方式提高:

• 思想活跃
• Being in a high temperature or high humidity
• 吃
• 感受强烈的情绪
• 月经来潮
• 服用某些药物
• Teething (in a young child -- but no higher than 100°F [37.7°C])
• 穿厚衣服

Body temperature that is too high or too low can be serious. Contact your provider if this is the case.

相关主题包括:

• 如何治疗发烧，比如婴儿发烧
• 发烧时什么时候给十大赌博平台排行榜打电话

参考文献

麦格拉斯JL，巴赫曼DJ. 生命体征测量. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts and Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 1.

Sajadi MM，罗曼诺夫斯基AA. Temperature regulation and the pathogenesis of 发热. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ，编辑. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 55.

Ward MA, Hannemann NL. 发热:发病机理及治疗. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 4.