ESR

定义

ESR stands for erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It is commonly called a "sed rate."

It is a test that indirectly measures the level of certain proteins in the blood. This measurement correlates with the amount of inflammation in the body.

选择的名字

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Sed rate; Sedimentation rate

How the Test is Performed

A blood sample is needed. Most of the time, blood is 从静脉中抽出 located on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The blood sample is sent to a lab.

The test measures how fast red blood cells (called erythrocytes) fall to the bottom of a tall, 细管.

How to Prepare for the Test

There are no special steps needed to prepare for this test.

How the Test will Feel

You may feel slight pain or a sting when the needle is inserted. You may also feel some throbbing at the site after the blood is drawn.

Why the Test is Performed

Reasons why a "sed rate" may be done include:

• 不明原因的发烧
• Certain types of joint pain or arthritis
• 肌肉症状
• 头疼
• Other vague symptoms that cannot be explained

This test may also be used to monitor whether an illness is responding to treatment.

This test can be used to monitor inflammatory diseases or cancer. It is not used to diagnose a specific disorder.

However, the test is useful for detecting and monitoring:

• 自身免疫性疾病
• 骨感染
• Certain forms of arthritis
• 炎性疾病

正常的结果

For adults (Westergren method):

• Men under 50 years old: less than 15 mm/hr
• Men over 50 years old: less than 20 mm/hr
• Women under 50 years old: less than 20 mm/hr
• Women over 50 years old: less than 30 mm/hr

For 孩子们 (Westergren method):

• 新生儿:0 ~ 2mm /hr
• Newborn to puberty: 3 to 13 mm/hr

Note: mm/hr = millimeters per hour

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your health care provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

An abnormal ESR may help with a diagnosis, but it does not prove that you have a certain condition. Other tests are almost always needed.

An increased ESR rate may occur in people with:

• 贫血
• Cancers such as lymphoma or 多发性骨髓瘤
• 肾脏疾病
• 怀孕
• 甲状腺疾病

The immune system helps protect the body against harmful substances. An 自身免疫性疾病 is when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. ESR is often higher than normal in people with an 自身免疫性疾病.

Common 自身免疫性疾病s include:

• 红斑狼疮
• 风湿性多肌痛
• Rheumatoid arthritis in adults or 孩子们

Very high ESR levels occur with less common autoimmune or other disorders, including:

• 过敏性血管炎
• 巨细胞动脉炎
• Hyper纤维蛋白原emia (increased 纤维蛋白原 血液中的水平)  
• Macroglobulinemia - primary
• Necrotizing vasculitis

An increased ESR rate may be due to some infections, including:

• Bodywide (systemic) infection
• 骨感染
• Infection of the heart or heart valves
• 风湿热
• Severe skin infections, such as 丹毒
• 肺结核

Lower-than-normal levels occur with:

• Congestive heart failure
• 超高粘度
• Hypo纤维蛋白原emia (decreased 纤维蛋白原 levels)
• 白血病 
• Low plasma protein (due to liver or kidney disease)
• 红血球增多症
• 镰状细胞性贫血

参考文献

Pisetsky DS. Laboratory testing in the rheumatic diseases. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 242.

Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Basic examination of blood and bone marrow. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 31.