Colposcopy - directed biopsy

Definition

A colposcopy is a special way of looking at the cervix. 它使用光和低倍率显微镜使子宫颈看起来大得多. This helps your health care provider find and then biopsy abnormal areas in your cervix.

Alternative Names

Biopsy - colposcopy - directed; Biopsy - cervix - colposcopy; Endocervical curettage; ECC; Cervical punch biopsy; Biopsy - cervical punch; Cervical biopsy; Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - colposcopy; CIN - colposcopy; Precancerous changes of the cervix - colposcopy; Cervical cancer - colposcopy; Squamous intraepithelial lesion - colposcopy; LSIL - colposcopy; HSIL - colposcopy; Low-grade colposcopy; High-grade colposcopy; Carcinoma in situ - colposcopy; CIS - colposcopy; ASCUS - colposcopy; Atypical glandular cells - colposcopy; AGUS - colposcopy; Atypical squamous cells - colposcopy; Pap smear - colposcopy; HPV - colposcopy; Human papilloma virus - colposcopy; Cervix - colposcopy; Colposcopy

How the Test is Performed

你将躺在桌子上，把你的脚放在马镫上，为检查定位你的骨盆. 十大赌博平台排行榜会将一个仪器(称为窥镜)放入你的 vagina to see the cervix clearly.

用醋或碘溶液轻轻地清洁子宫颈和阴道. 这可以去除覆盖在表面的粘液，并突出异常区域.

十大赌博平台排行榜将把阴道镜放在阴道开口处并检查该区域. Photographs may be taken. The colposcope does not touch you.

如果任何区域看起来异常，将使用小型活组织检查工具取出一小块组织样本. Several samples may be taken. 有时从子宫颈内部取出组织样本. This is called endocervical curettage (ECC).

How to Prepare for the Test

There is no special preparation. 如果你在手术前排空膀胱和肠道，你可能会更舒服.

Before the exam:

• Do not douche (this is never recommended).
• Do not place any products into the vagina.
• Do not have sex for 24 hours before the exam.
• 告诉你的十大赌博平台排行榜你是否怀孕了或可能怀孕了.

除非有异常情况，否则不应在重度月经期间进行此测试. Keep your appointment if you are:

• At the very end or beginning of your regular period
• Having abnormal bleeding

你可以在阴道镜检查前服用布洛芬或对乙酰氨基酚(泰诺). 询问你的十大赌博平台排行榜是否可以，以及你应该在什么时候服用，服用多少.

How the Test will Feel

当窥器放入阴道时，你可能会感到不舒服. It may be more uncomfortable than a regular Pap test.

• Some women feel a slight sting from the cleansing solution.
• 每次采集组织样本时，您可能会感到挤压或抽筋.
• 活检后你可能会有抽筋或轻微出血.
• 在活检后的几天内不要使用卫生棉条或在阴道内放入任何东西.

一些女性在骨盆手术时可能会屏住呼吸，因为她们预计会疼痛. 缓慢而有规律的呼吸会帮助你放松，减轻疼痛. 如果有帮助的话，询问你的服务提供者是否可以带一个支持人员.

活检后你可能会出血，持续大约2天.

• You should not douche, place tampons or creams into the vagina, or have sex for up to a week afterward. Ask your provider how long you should wait.
• You can use sanitary pads.

Why the Test is Performed

阴道镜检查是为了检测宫颈癌和可能导致宫颈癌的变化.

当你有异常的子宫颈抹片检查或HPV检查时，最常做这种检查. 如果你性交后出血，也可以推荐使用.

当你的十大赌博平台排行榜在盆腔检查中发现你宫颈上的异常区域时，也可以做阴道镜检查. These may include:

• 宫颈或阴道其他部位的异常生长
• Genital warts or HPV
• Irritation or inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis)

The colposcopy may be used to keep track of HPV, 并寻找治疗后可能出现的异常变化.

Normal Results

A smooth, pink surface of the cervix is normal.

一个叫做病理学家的专家会检查宫颈活检的组织样本，然后给你的十大赌博平台排行榜发一份报告. Biopsy results most often take 1 to 2 weeks. 正常的结果意味着没有癌症，也没有看到异常的变化.

What Abnormal Results Mean

您的提供者应该能够告诉您在测试过程中是否发现任何异常，包括:

• Abnormal patterns in the blood vessels
• 肿胀、磨损或萎缩的部位(萎缩)
• Cervical polyps
• Genital warts
• Whitish patches on the cervix

异常的活检结果可能是由于可能导致宫颈癌的变化. 这些变化被称为宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)。.

• CIN I is mild dysplasia
• CIN II is moderate dysplasia
• CIN III是严重的不典型增生或非常早期的子宫颈癌，称为原位癌

Abnormal biopsy results may be due to:

• Cervical cancer
• Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)——癌前组织改变，也称为宫颈发育不良
• Cervical warts (infection with human papilloma virus, or HPV)

如果活检不能确定异常原因的结果, you may need a procedure called a cold knife cone biopsy.

Risks

活组织检查后，你可能会出血长达一周. You may have mild cramping, your vagina may feel sore, and you may have a dark discharge for 1 to 3 days.

阴道镜检查和活组织检查不会增加你怀孕的困难, or cause problems during pregnancy.

Contact your provider right away if:

• Bleeding is very heavy or lasts for longer than 2 weeks.
• You have pain in your belly or in the pelvic area.
• 你注意到任何感染的迹象(发烧、恶臭或分泌物).

References

Cohn DE, Ramaswamy B, Christian B, Bixel K. Malignancy and pregnancy. In: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM编. Creasy和Resnik的母胎医学:原则和实践. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 56.

Khan MJ, Werner CL, Darragh TM, et al. ASCCP colposcopy standards: role of colposcopy, benefits, potential harms and terminology for colposcopic practice. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease. 2017;21(4):223-229. PMID: 28953110 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28953110/.

Newkirk GR. Colposcopic examination. In: Fowler GC, ed. Pfenninger and Fowler's Procedures for Primary Care. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 124.

Salcedo MP, Phoolcharoen N, Schmeler KM. 下生殖道(宫颈)上皮内瘤变, vagina, vulva): etiology, screening, diagnosis, management. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 29.