全血细胞计数血检

定义

A complete blood count (CBC) test measures the following:

• 白细胞的数量(白细胞计数)
• 红细胞的数量(红细胞计数)
• 血小板的数量
• 总金额 血红蛋白 在血液里
• The fraction of the blood composed of red blood cells (血细胞比容)

The CBC test also provides information about the following measurements:

• 平均红细胞体积(MCV)
• 的意思是 血红蛋白 每红细胞量
• The mean amount of 血红蛋白 relative to the size of the cell (血红蛋白 concentration) per red blood cell (MCHC)

选择的名字

Complete blood count; Anemia - CBC

如何执行测试

A 血液样本 是必要的.

如何准备考试

There is no special preparation needed.

考试的感觉如何

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, you may feel moderate pain. Some people feel only a prick or stinging. Afterward there may be some throbbing or slight 瘀伤. 这很快就会消失.

为什么要进行测试

A CBC is a commonly performed lab test. It can be used to detect or monitor many different health conditions. Your health care provider may order this test:

• 如果你有症状, 比如疲劳, 减肥, fever or other signs of an infection, 弱点, 瘀伤, 出血, 或者任何癌症的迹象
• When you are receiving treatments (medicines or radiation) that may change your blood count results
• To monitor a long-term (chronic) health problem that may change your blood count results, 比如慢性肾病

正常的结果

Blood counts may vary with altitude. 一般来说，正常的结果是:

红细胞计数:

• 男:4.7 to 6.100万个细胞/mcL
• 女:4.2 to 5.400万个细胞/mcL

白细胞数:

• 4500 ~ 10000个细胞/mcL

血球容积计:

• 男:40.7% to 50.3%
• 女:36.1% to 44.3%

血红蛋白:

• 男:13.8 to 17.2通用/ dL
• 女:12.1 to 15.1转基因/ dL

红细胞指标:

• MCV: 80 - 95飞升
• MCH: 27 ~ 31 pg/细胞
• MCHC: 32 ~ 36 gm/dL

血小板数:

• 15万~ 45万/dL

The examples above are common measurements for results of these tests. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

异常结果意味着什么

High RBC, 血红蛋白, or 血细胞比容 may be due to:

• 缺乏足够的水和液体, 比如从严重的腹泻, 过度出汗, or water pills used to treat high blood pressure
• 肾脏疾病 促红细胞生成素 生产
• Low oxygen level 在血液里 for a long time, most often due to heart or lung disease, 慢性一氧化碳暴露, 或者生活在高海拔地区
• 真性红细胞增多
• 吸烟
• 睾酮的使用

Low RBC, 血红蛋白, or 血细胞比容 is a sign of anemia, which can result from:

• 失血 (either sudden, or from problems such as heavy menstrual periods over a long time)
• Bone marrow failure (for example, from radiation, infection, or tumor)
• 红血球分解(溶血)
• 癌症和癌症治疗
• Certain long-term (chronic) medical conditions, 比如慢性肾病, 溃疡性结肠炎, 或者类风湿关节炎
• 缺铁
• 白血病
• 长期感染，比如 肝炎
• Poor diet and nutrition, causing too little iron, 叶酸, 维生素B12, or 维生素B6
• 多发性骨髓瘤

A lower than normal white blood cell count is called leukopenia. A decreased 白细胞计数 may be due to:

• 酗酒和肝损伤
• 自身免疫性疾病(如 系统性红斑狼疮)
• Bone marrow failure (for example, due to infection, tumor, radiation, or fibrosis)
• Chemotherapy medicines used to treat cancer
• 肝脏或脾脏的疾病
• 脾脏肿大
• 感染 caused by viruses, such as mono or AIDS
• 药物

A high 白细胞计数 is called leukocytosis. 它可能源于:

• Certain medicines, such as corticosteroids
• 感染
• 狼疮等疾病 类风湿性关节炎, or 过敏
• 白血病
• 严重的精神或身体压力
• Tissue damage (such as from burns or a heart attack)

A high platelet count may be due to:

• 出血
• Diseases such as cancer or blood disease
• 缺铁
• 骨髓有问题

A low platelet count may be due to:

• Disorders where platelets are destroyed
• 怀孕
• 脾脏肿大
• Bone marrow failure (for example, due to infection, tumor, radiation, or fibrosis)
• Chemotherapy medicines used to treat cancer

风险

There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one person to another, and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• 昏厥或感到头晕
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

注意事项

RBCs transport 血红蛋白 which, in turn, carries oxygen. The amount of oxygen received by body tissues depends on the amount and function of RBCs and 血红蛋白.

WBCs are mediators of inflammation and the 免疫反应. There are various types of WBCs that normally appear 在血液里:

• Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes)
• Band cells (slightly immature neutrophils)
• T型淋巴细胞
• B型淋巴细胞
• 单核细胞
• 嗜酸性粒细胞
• 嗜碱粒细胞

参考文献

林家杰，小奔驰. EJ. Approach to anemia in the adult and child. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 35.

意味着RT. 接近贫血症. 参见:Goldman L, Schafer AI主编. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 149.

瓦杰帕伊N，格雷厄姆SS，本S. Basic examination of blood and bone marrow. 见:McPherson RA, Pincus MR，编辑. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 31.